Conjugated microporous polymers with multiple redox-active sites as anode and cathode materials for symmetric all-organic lithium-ion batteries

Due to their low solubility, tunable structure and multiple pore channels, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are considered ideal electrode materials for green lithium-organic batteries (LOBs). Herein, two kinds of hexaazatrinnphthalene (HATN)-based CMPs (PHATN-CMP and HAKH-CMP) were designed and successfully synthesized by direct polycondensation and studied their electrochemical properties as both cathode/anode active materials for LOBs. In contrast, PHATN-CMP as the cathode material exhibits higher initial capacity of 169.6 mAh g−1 than that of HAHK-CMP at 50 mA g−1. In addition, as an anode material, PHATN-CMP also has a high initial capacity (1696.4 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1) and long cycle stability (retention of 870.5 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1). More interestingly, all organic batteries assembled with PHATN-CMP as anode and cathode materials also show good electrochemical performance, which can light small light bulbs. This work will provide important insights into the design and application of electroactive CMPs for LOBs, even symmetrical all organic batteries.