Effect of nanocomposite alginate-based edible coatings containing thymol-nanoemulsion and/or thymol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers on the microbial and physicochemical properties of carrot

In this study, the effect of thymol-nanoemulsion (NE) and thymol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) on the physiological and microbial quality of carrot was investigated. The NE and NLC droplet sizes were 86 and 140 nm with encapsulation efficiency of 97 and 94 %, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of thymol decreased in NE and increased in NLC against E. coli and S. aureus. Moreover, thymol-containing coatings exhibited a higher peroxidase activity, total phenolic content, flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, pH, and lower respiration rate, TSS, weight loss, and decay with the preference for samples coated with NLC and NE (particularly NLC). The NE and NLC treatments significantly reduced the total viable, mold and yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae counts compared to the free thymol-containing coating. Results showed that the application of NE and NLC containing alginate-based coating (with the preference for NLC) improved the postharvest quality of carrot and extended its shelf life. Meanwhile, the separate application of these systems gave better results than the simultaneous application of both systems in one sample.