All-Solution Processed, Highly Stable MXene/Cu Nanowire Networks for Flexible Transparent Thin-Film Heaters

Copper nanowire (Cu NW) networks are recognized for their excellent electrical conductivity and cost-effectiveness, making them a prime choice for transparent conductors. However, their susceptibility to degradation presents a significant challenge in various applications. In this study, we explore the efficacy of depositing Ti3C2 MXene onto copper nanowire (MXene/Cu NW) networks to enhance the stability and performance of Cu NW-based transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs). The results showed a rapid increase in the electrical resistance of bare Cu NW networks within 10 days under ambient conditions, whereas the deposition of Ti3C2 MXene enhanced the stability of the networks up to 10 months under ambient conditions. A significant figure of merit (FoM) of 109 was achieved from the MXene/Cu NW networks compared to only 69 for bare Cu NW networks. The fabricated TCEs also showcased their long-term stability when utilized as transparent thin-film heaters (TTFHs). The TTFHs utilizing MXene/Cu NW networks displayed consistent performance over the course of 1 week when subjected to a bias voltage of 3 V. Furthermore, the TTFHs have also been utilized as flexible human thermotherapy patches and defrosting networks. Our research underscores the potential of MXene/Cu NW electrodes in optoelectronic applications where both high FoM and long-term stability are essential, thereby expanding the possibilities for cost-effective TCEs in a variety of applications.