Biomechanical analysis of forehand and backhand strokes in elite table tennis players: Implications for training and injury prevention

This study aims to provide insights into improving training methods and preventing injuries by analyzing the biomechanics of forehand and backhand strokes in elite table tennis players. A literature review shows that biomechanical research in table tennis is crucial for enhancing performance and reducing injuries. Elite table tennis players with over 10 years of training experience were selected as study subjects. Techniques such as high-speed photography, electromyography (EMG), and force plates were used to capture stroke movements, measure muscle activation, and record ground reaction forces. Experimental results indicate significant differences in joint angles, speeds, and muscle activation patterns between forehand and backhand strokes. Forehand strokes mainly involve large movements and rapid motions of the shoulder and elbow joints, while backhand strokes rely more on wrist and forearm activities. EMG analysis shows that forehand strokes primarily activate the biceps brachii and deltoid muscles, while backhand strokes activate the wrist flexors and finger extensors. By comparing the different kinematic characteristics and muscle usage patterns of forehand and backhand strokes, the study identifies key factors affecting stroke efficiency and safety. Based on these findings, several training and injury prevention recommendations are proposed. For forehand strokes, coordination training of the shoulder and elbow joints should be emphasized. For backhand strokes, strengthening exercises for the wrist and forearm should be focused on. Designing personalized training programs based on each athlete’s specific biomechanical characteristics is essential. Proper warm-up and cool-down routines are crucial for injury prevention, especially preventive exercises for vulnerable areas.