Multihydrogen-bond-bridged composite solid electrolytes enabling continuous Li + pathways for stable solid-state lithium batteries

Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) hold great promise for advancing safer and higher-energy-density solid-state batteries. However, the poor interface compatibility caused by the lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ) passivation layer on the garnet-type Li 6.4 La 3 Zr 1.7 Ta 0.3 O 12 (LLZTO) surface leads to an inhomogeneous distribution of ceramic particles and discontinuous lithium ion (Li + ) transport, especially for high-content ceramics. Herein, we chemically convert the Li 2 CO 3 layer into brushlike poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate- co -2-(3-(6-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-yl)ureido)ethyl methacrylate (PEGMA- co -UPyMA) polymers. These modified ceramics (LLZTO- g -PEGMA- co -UPyMA) are integrated with a dynamic supramolecular ionic conducting polymer (DSICP) through hydrogen bond coupling, yielding a homogeneous LLZTO- g -PEGMA- co -UPyMA@DSICP CSE with continuous Li + transport pathways, even at 90 weight % ceramic loading. This CSE enables exceptional cycling stability, with Li|LiFePO 4 cells retaining 88.8% capacity after 2000 cycles and 4.4-volt Li|NMC811 cells maintaining 83.7% after 300 cycles. Impressively, the 1.26–ampere hour pouch cell retains 85.6% capacity after 100 cycles, demonstrating unprecedented feasibility for practical solid-state lithium batteries.