Deep learning image reconstruction algorithm for pancreatic protocol dual-energy computed tomography: image quality and quantification of iodine concentration

To evaluate the image quality and iodine concentration (IC) measurements in pancreatic protocol dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) reconstructed using deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) and compare them with those of images reconstructed using hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR). The local institutional review board approved this prospective study. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Thirty consecutive participants with pancreatic cancer (PC) underwent pancreatic protocol DECT for initial evaluation. DECT data were reconstructed at 70 keV using 40% adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction–Veo (hybrid-IR) and DLIR at medium and high levels (DLIR-M and DLIR-H, respectively). The diagnostic acceptability and conspicuity of PC were qualitatively assessed using a 5-point scale. IC values of the abdominal aorta, pancreas, PC, liver, and portal vein; standard deviation (SD); and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated. Qualitative and quantitative parameters were compared between the hybrid-IR, DLIR-M, and DLIR-H groups. The diagnostic acceptability and conspicuity of PC were significantly better in the DLIR-M group compared with those in the other groups (p < .001–.001). The IC values of the anatomical structures were almost comparable between the three groups (p = .001–.9). The SD of IC values was significantly lower in the DLIR-H group (p < .001) and resulted in the lowest CV (p < .001–.002) compared with those in the hybrid-IR and DLIR-M groups. DLIR could significantly improve image quality and reduce the variability of IC values than could hybrid-IR.