The removal efficiency of COD by various microalgae in a butanol wastewater was investigated. The results showed that the Chlorella sorokiniana, Chlorella zofingiensis, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Spirulina platensis can effectively remove the COD in the butanol wastewater. The highest removal efficiency for COD( 86. 56%),total nitrogen( 41. 39%),PO3-4-P( 86. 56%) were achieved by the heterotrophic cultivated Chlorella sorokiniana. In addition,the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana achieved the highest removal efficiency of the main pollutants in butanol wastewater when the concentration of wastewater was 50%.