Restoration path of small tourism enterprise managers’ confidence in the COVID-19 period

Although the government contributes to the tourism recovery, the influence of the government on the micro-perceptions of tourism managers remains limited. The results of 415 samples demonstrate that government crisis management restores managers' confidence through different mediation of the sense of gain. Information and communication management improve only their sense of spiritual gain, while human resource development enhance merely their sense of material gain. Moreover, environmental uncertainty shows no moderation on restoring the managers' confidence. This study develops a theoretical framework for tourism crisis management and provides policy implications for the development of small tourism enterprises in times of crisis.