Motor Fault Diagnosis Under Strong Background Noise Based on Parameter-Optimized Feature Mode Decomposition and Spatial–Temporal Features Fusion

As the mining motor is used long-term in a complex multi-source noise environment composed of equipment group coordinated operations and high-frequency start–stop, its vibration signal has the features of significant strong noise interference, weak fault features, and the superposition of multiple working conditions coupling, which makes it arduous to efficiently extract and identify mechanical fault features. To address this issue, this study introduces a high-performance fault diagnosis approach for mining motors operating under strong background noise by integrating parameter-optimized feature mode decomposition (WOA-FMD) with the RepLKNet-BiGRU-Attention dual-channel model. According to the experimental results, the average accuracies of the proposed method were 97.7% and 93.38% for the noise-added CWRU bearing fault dataset and the actual operation dataset of the mine motor, respectively, which are significantly better than those of similar methods, showing that the approach in this study is superior in fault feature extraction and identification.