Ginseng: a traditional medicine and food homologous plant

Ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer), a perennial herb belonging to the Araliaceae family, has been cultivated and used in China for over 2,000 years. Ginseng, a renowned medicinal plant, is highly valued for its health benefits and is among the top herbal medicines in traditional Chinese medicine. Its roots, leaves, and stems are utilized for medicinal and edible purposes. This paper reviews the cultivation history, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of ginseng, which is rich in ginsenosides and other bioactive compounds. It provides a reference for the comprehensive development and utilization of this medicinal plant.