Electrospun biosensors for biomarker detection

Biosensors based on electrospun nanofibers have found extensive applications in the field of biomarker detection. Nanofibers, owing to their advantages such as porosity, high surface area, and significant loading capacity, play a crucial role in immobilizing recognition elements, directly interacting with target analytes, enhancing antibody fixation positions, and improving the activity and lifespan of biomolecules. This, in turn, enables the high sensitivity and selectivity detection of major disease biomarkers. This review begins by summarizing the structure and processing methods of electrospun nanofiber biosensors, followed by an overview of the physical, chemical detection, and immobilization patterns in biomarker detection. Subsequently, a brief retrospective analysis of the research progress in biomarker detection is presented. Additionally, the application of electrospun nanofiber biosensors in various disease areas, including cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic, and infectious diseases, is discussed based on biomedical classifications. Finally, the challenges faced by electrospun nanofiber biosensors in biomarker detection are summarized, and the future directions for the development of electrospun nanofiber biosensors are highlighted