Spatiotemporal Differentiation Characteristics and Zoning of Cultivated Land System Resilience in the Songnen Plain

Enhancing cultivated land system resilience is a fundamental prerequisite for improving land use efficiency and thus addressing climate change. Taking the Songnen Plain—a major grain production area in China—as the study region, this study constructs a definition of cultivated land system resilience from three dimensions (“resistance–adaptability–reconstruction”). An index system for resilience evaluation is established, and methods such as three-dimensional Euclidean distance and K-means clustering are employed to investigate the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of cultivated land resilience in the Songnen Plain from 2001 to 2021. Based on the findings, zoning is performed and corresponding management strategies are proposed: (1) Overall resilience in the Songnen Plain increased from 0.4450 in 2001 to 0.7469 in 2021; enhanced resistance played the most significant role in promoting this increase. (2) The Songnen Plain exhibited pronounced spatial differentiation in cultivated land resilience, characterized by higher resilience in the eastern region and weaker resilience in the central and western regions. (3) The zoning results reveal significant disparities in resilience levels within the study area; targeted measures are thus required to address key problems in each zone. This study provides theoretical insights and empirical conclusions for formulating differentiated protection policies for cultivated land systems, thereby ensuring the sustainable development of the Songnen Plain’s cultivated land system.