蛋白质生物合成
氨基酸
平动调节
酿酒酵母
翻译(生物学)
生物
生物化学
激活剂(遗传学)
基因
eIF2
细胞生物学
综合应力响应
基因表达调控
信使核糖核酸
出处
期刊:Annual Review of Microbiology
[Annual Reviews]
日期:2005-10-01
卷期号:59 (1): 407-450
被引量:1146
标识
DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.59.031805.133833
摘要
Cells reprogram gene expression in response to environmental changes by mobilizing transcriptional activators. The activator protein Gcn4 of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regulated by an intricate translational control mechanism, which is the primary focus of this review, and also by the modulation of its stability in response to nutrient availability. Translation of GCN4 mRNA is derepressed in amino acid-deprived cells, leading to transcriptional induction of nearly all genes encoding amino acid biosynthetic enzymes. The trans-acting proteins that control GCN4 translation have general functions in the initiation of protein synthesis, or regulate the activities of initiation factors, so that the molecular events that induce GCN4 translation also reduce the rate of general protein synthesis. This dual regulatory response enables cells to limit their consumption of amino acids while diverting resources into amino acid biosynthesis in nutrient-poor environments. Remarkably, mammalian cells use the same strategy to downregulate protein synthesis while inducing transcriptional activators of stress-response genes under various stressful conditions, including amino acid starvation.
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