The terahertz absorption spectrum of explosive materials can be measured by terahertz time domain spectroscopy operated in transmission mode. In this paper, the absorption characteristics of four explosive materials in spectral range of 0.1–3 THz are studied. It shows that even for the same materials, the spectral absorption peak value in the same measurement condition is a little different. So the measurement precision of the terahertz time domain spectroscopy is very important for the feature extraction and identification of explosive materials. This work investigates the measurement precision of terahertz time domain spectroscopy. Some factors that affect the measurement precision of the terahertz time domain spectroscopy are analyzed and discussed.