Lotus Leaf-Derived Gradient Hierarchical Porous C/MoS2 Morphology Genetic Composites with Wideband and Tunable Electromagnetic Absorption Performance

Inspired by the nature, lotus leaf-derived gradient hierarchical porous C/MoS₂ morphology genetic composites (GHPCM) were successfully fabricated through an in situ strategy. The biological microstructure of lotus leaf was well preserved after treatment. Different pores with gradient pore sizes ranging from 300 to 5 μm were hierarchically distributed in the composites. In addition, the surface states of lotus leaf resulted in the Janus-like morphologies of MoS₂. The GHPCM exhibit excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance, with the minimum reflection loss of - 50.1 dB at a thickness of 2.4 mm and the maximum effective bandwidth of 6.0 GHz at a thickness of 2.2 mm. The outstanding performance could be attributed to the synergy of conductive loss, polarization loss, and impedance matching. In particularly, we provided a brand-new dielectric sum-quotient model to analyze the electromagnetic performance of the non-magnetic material system. It suggests that the specific sum and quotient of permittivity are the key to keep reflection loss below - 10 dB within a certain frequency range. Furthermore, based on the concept of material genetic engineering, the dielectric constant could be taken into account to seek for suitable materials with designable electromagnetic absorption performance.