Defects engineering of bimetallic Ni-based catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion

This review describes the latest developments in defects engineering of bimetallic Ni-based catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion. First, the classification and roles of defects are introduced. Furthermore, defects engineering strategies and advanced characterization techniques of bimetallic Ni-based catalysts are discussed in detail. Taking the typical and most widely studied three types of bimetallic Ni-based (Ni-Fe, Ni-Co and Ni-Mo) materials as examples, defects engineering in bimetallic Ni-based catalysts is discussed separately from introducing defects into the pre-synthesized bimetals and creating defects directly during the synthesis of bimetallic catalysts. What’s more, a brief analysis of defects diffusion problems in bimetallic system is presented. Finally, a personal outlook about bimetallic defects chemistry is proposed. This review is intended to provide an important insight into the relationship between the defect chemistry of bimetallic Ni-based materials and their catalytic activity, meanwhile, it also provides a theoretical basis for new advances in other bimetallic catalysts.