光热治疗
免疫疗法
纳米壳
胶体金
癌症
医学
免疫原性细胞死亡
癌症研究
纳米颗粒
癌细胞
材料科学
癌症免疫疗法
免疫系统
纳米技术
免疫学
内科学
作者
Yang Liu,Bridget M. Crawford,Tuan Vo‐Dinh
出处
期刊:Immunotherapy
[Future Medicine]
日期:2018-09-01
卷期号:10 (13): 1175-1188
被引量:168
标识
DOI:10.2217/imt-2018-0029
摘要
Cancer has been a significant threat to human health with more than eight million deaths each year in the world. Therefore, there is a significant need for novel technologies to effectively treat cancer and ultimately reduce cancer recurrences, treatment costs, number of radical cystectomies and mortality. A promising therapeutic platform for cancer is offered by nanoparticle-mediated therapy. This review highlights the development and applications of various nanoparticle platforms for photo-induced hyperthermia and immunotherapy. Taking advantage of gold's high biocompatibility, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) can be injected intravenously and accumulate preferentially in cancer cells due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Various gold nanoplatforms including nanospheres, nanoshells, nanorods, nanocages and nanostars have been used for effective photothermal treatment of various cancers. GNPs have also been used in immunotherapies, involving cancer antigen and immune adjuvant delivery as well as combination therapies with photothermal therapy. Among GNPs platforms, gold nanostars (GNS) have great therapeutic potential due to their unique star-shaped geometry that dramatically enhances light absorption and provides high photon-to-heat conversion efficiency due to the plasmonic effect. This photothermal process can be exploited to specifically ablate tumors and, more importantly, to amplify the antitumor immune response following the highly immunogenic thermal death of cancer cells. GNS-mediated photothermal therapy combined with checkpoint immunotherapy has been found to reverse tumor-mediated immunosuppression, thereby leading to the treatment of not only primary tumors but also cancer metastasis, as well as to induce effective long-lasting immunity, in other words, an anticancer 'vaccine' effect.
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