REVIEW OF CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS

This article examines metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as promising porous materials for use in heterogeneous catalysis. Particular attention is paid to the structural features of MOFs, including their high surface area, tunable pore architecture, and structural diversity, which enable precise control over catalytic processes. The types of active sites present in MOFs and their role in acid–base, redox, and photocatalytic reactions are discussed in detail. The catalytic performance of MOFs is analyzed with respect to the presence of coordinatively unsaturated metal nodes, functionalized organic linkers, and composite systems incorporating metal nanoparticles or molecular catalysts. These features significantly expand the functional capabilities of MOF-based catalysts. Key catalytic transformations are reviewed, including oxidation of organic substrates, C–H bond activation, photocatalytic processes, and tandem reactions involving multiple steps within a single system. Special attention is given to the challenges associated with the chemical and thermal stability of MOFs under catalytic conditions, as well as limitations related to their scalability and industrial implementation. It is demonstrated that rational design of MOF structures and targeted modification of active sites can markedly improve catalytic activity, selectivity, and long-term stability, making MOFs a highly promising platform for advanced and environmentally friendly catalytic systems. Keywords: metal-organic frameworks, heterogeneous catalysis, active sites, metal nodes, organic linkers, photocatalysis, composite MOFs, catalyst stability.