A 1ppm/°C and ±0.066% 3σ Accuracy Bandgap Reference with Temperature-Adaptive PTAT Scaling

This paper presents a process-independent, curvature-compensated bandgap reference. By introducing a temperature-adaptive duty-cycled resistor to scale the PTAT voltage, the design effectively compensates for CTAT nonlinearity without introducing offset errors. Fabricated in$0.18 \mu \mathrm{m}$CMOS, the prototype chip occupies$0.068 \text{mm}^{2}$and consumes$15 \mu \mathrm{A}$. After two-point trimming, it achieves an average temperature coefficient of$1 \text{ppm} /{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$and a 3 o output accuracy within$\pm 0.066 {\%}$.