Hypoxia expedites the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma by promoting the CPT1A‐mediated fatty acid oxidative pathway

Abstract Hypoxia has been reported to promote the proliferation and migration of thyroid cancer, while the special mechanism was still unclear. HIF‐1α/carnitine palmitoyl‐transferase 1A (CPT1A) was found to be associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) but the biological role of CPT1A in PTC was not explored. The effects of hypoxia and carnitine palmitoyl‐transferase 1A (CPT1A) expression on PTC cells were determined by cell counting kit‐8 assay, detection of oxidative stress, inflammation response and mitochondrial membrane motential (MMP). Oil Red O staining and the detection of free fatty acids were performed to assess the status of lipid metabolism. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to assess cell apoptosis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot analysis were applied to investigate the expressions of CPT1A and HIF‐1α and the molecules involved cell function. The expressions of CPT1A and HIF‐1α were significantly increased in PTC cells with or without hypoxia treatment. CPT1A overexpression or silencing promoted or inhibited cell viability, and hypoxia further repressed cell viability. In addition, CPT1A overexpression alleviates hypoxia‐induced increased oxidative stress, inflammation response and elevated MMP. CPT1A overexpression enhanced palmitic acid‐induced decreased cell growth, enhanced the metabolic capacity of free fatty acid and suppressed cell apoptosis. Animal experiments showed that CPT1A overexpression promoted PTC tumor growth, reduced lipid deposition, oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as enhancing cell function indicators. However, CPT1A silencing showed the opposite effects both in vitro and in vivo. Hypoxia induces the high expression of HIF‐1α/CPT1A, thereby reprogramming the lipid metabolism of PTC cells for adapting the hypoxia environment, meanwhile inhibiting the cell damage and apoptosis caused by oxidative stress.