Controllable dispersion of nickel phthalocyanine molecules on graphene oxide for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction

Adjusting the NiPc/GO ratio during the hydrolysis of protonated NiPc in the GO-assisted reaction enables the dispersion of Ni–N 4 –C active sites, forming a Ni( ii )/Ni( iii )/GO heterojunction with a FE CO of 98.6% for the electrocatalytic CO 2 RR.