Noble Metal Porphyrin Complexes. Intermediates of Catalytic Processes (A Review)

A wide variety of oxidation states and coordination numbers of complexing cations, various redox properties, high stability of the coordination center, as well as a unique electronic structure determine the catalytic activity of porphyrin complexes of noble metals in various reactions with organic substrates. This review presents the types of catalytic reactions involving compounds of ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, and gold with porphyrins, with an emphasis on the features of intermediates depending on the nature of the metal, electronic and steric effects of peripheral substituents of the macrocycle. The presented data provide a theoretical basis that can contribute to the development of innovative materials for catalysis based on metalloporphyrins, as well as the creation of new homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.