A review of efficient thermal application for ice detection and anti/de-icing technology

Ice loads on structures and equipment pose critical challenges to safety, reliability, and efficiency across industries such as aviation, energy, and transportation. Addressing these issues requires innovative solutions that leverage thermal energy for effective ice management. This review systematically categorizes ice detection technologies into three primary methods—thermal conductivity, phase change latent heat, and thermal radiation—providing a comprehensive framework for analyzing their strengths, limitations, and practical applicability. Furthermore, it evaluates thermal anti/de-icing strategies, including hot air, electrical heaters, microwave energy, infrared radiation, plasma, and geothermal methods, offering a detailed comparison of their industrial relevance, benefits, and challenges. The review also explores advancements in thermally functional and hydrophobic-thermally functional materials, which present groundbreaking opportunities to enhance safety and performance in icy environments. By synthesizing insights from detection technologies, mitigation methods, and material innovations, this study identifies critical knowledge gaps, highlights future research directions, and provides actionable recommendations for optimizing thermal energy-based ice mitigation strategies. The findings aim to drive innovation, improve operational safety, and foster efficiency in harsh and icy conditions, laying a foundation for future advancements in this vital field.