Temporal therapy utilizing exosomes derived from M2 macrophages demonstrates enhanced efficacy in alleviating neuropathic pain in diabetic rats

Background: Diabetic pain patients have increased pain at night. Exosomes can relieve neuropathic pain. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of exosome administration at different time points in relieving diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) in rats. Methods: setting to assess alterations in microglia phenotype involving the NF-kB p65 and IKBα inflammatory signaling pathways. Results: analysis indicated that exosomes influenced microglia polarization and suppressed the phosphorylation of NF-kB p65 and IKBα. Conclusions: Temporal therapy with exosomes effectively reduces pain in DNP rats by polarizing microglia and affecting NF-kB p65 and IKBα signaling pathways.