The perspectives in obesity and type 2 diabetes therapy: the present and future of incretin therapy

The rates of increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity in the world are steadily increasing and exceed even the wildest forecasts, which forces specialists to seek, develop and implement more effective therapeutic methods for these two interrelated non-communicable pandemics. This article discusses promising areas in the pharmacotherapy of obesity and T2DM with an emphasis on the development of a class of incretin hormone receptor agonists. Monoagonists (liraglutide, dulaglutide, semaglutide) and dual incretin receptor agonists (tirzepatide), as well as triple- and tetra-agonists of gastrointestinal hormones currently under development, which are expected to be even more effective in the complex treatment of both type T2DM and obesity, are being discussed.