炎症
免疫系统
趋化因子
免疫学
先天免疫系统
毒性
平衡
生物
医学
细胞生物学
内科学
作者
Nikoo Hossein‐Khannazer,Gholamreza Azizi,Solat Eslami,Hussaini Alhassan Mohammed,Farimah Fayyaz,Reza Hosseinzadeh,Abubakar Babangida Usman,Ali Kamali,Hamed Mohammadi,Farhad Jadidi‐Niaragh,Emad Dehghanifard,Mohammad Noorisepehr
标识
DOI:10.1080/08923973.2019.1697284
摘要
Inflammation is a physiological process essential for maintaining homeostatic mechanisms in human, but however, exaggerated inflammatory responses are closely related to many chronic diseases. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal with high toxicity when present in food, water and air has the potential of eliciting inflammatory reactions, with a major health risk to human. This review aimed to elucidate on the major routes of Cd exposure, the main organs affected by the exposure, the degree of toxicity as well as the roles of the toxic effects on the immune system which results to inflammatory responses. Immune modulation by Cd may cause serious adverse health effects in humans. Various studies have highlighted the ability of Cd as an environmental pollutant involved in the modulation of the innate, adaptive and mucosal immune responses in relations to the release of chemokine, gene expression, and susceptibility to microbial infections.
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