Network response of two cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars to Cadmium stress as revealed by transcriptome analysis

Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination severely threatens human health. Therefore, screening and breeding low-Cd absorption cultivars of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is essential to restrict human Cd intake. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to perform a comparative transcriptome analysis of the leaves of two cherry tomato cultivars with different Cd contents under different Cd stress (0, 10, and 50 μM), for the purpose of exploring the differences in the transcriptional responses to Cd stress between the two cultivars. Our results revealed that the Cd content in the leaves of HLZ (Hanluzhe; a low-Cd accumulation cultivar) was significantly lower than that in the leaves of LFC (Lvfeicui; a high-Cd accumulation cultivar). Transcriptome analysis showed that the different expression genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in plant hormone signal transduction, antioxidant enzymes, cell wall biosynthesis, and metal transportation. In the LFC leaves, DEGs in the IAA signal transduction and antioxidant enzymes exhibited higher transcription levels. However, the DEGs in the ETH signal transduction demonstrated a lower transcription level compared to that of HLZ. Over-expressed genes in the pectin biosynthesis and pectin methylesterase (PME) of the LFC leaves might result in the trapping of Cd by increased levels of low-methylated pectin around the cell wall. Furthermore, Cd transporter genes, such as HMA5, NRAMP6, CAX3, ABCC3, and PDR1, were up-regulated in the HLZ leaves, indicating that the HLZ cultivar comprised an active Cd transport capacity from apoplast to vacuolar. This may contribute to the low Cd concentration observed in the HLZ leaves. Overall, our study provides a molecular basis for tomato screening and breeding.