Comparative Analysis of Port Governance Models for Green Energy Transition

Since the beginning of maritime trade, Ports have consistently driven global economic and societal progress. Concerns have arisen due to the environmental impact of port operations, particularly emissions. Thus, it has become essential to highlight the recognition of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) toward ports being as pivotal in the logistics network and their ability to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from shipping. This emphasises the importance of ports adopting measures to decrease emissions and promote sustainability, aligning with global efforts to decrease the environmental impact of maritime trade. The transformation of ports towards eco-friendly and sustainable practices represents not only an urgent imperative but also a substantial challenge characterised by numerous obstacles. In this sense, port governance can be seen as a determinant factor in moulding port strategies and tools adoption to foster environmentally responsible practices within ports and beyond. This article, therefore, conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of various port governance frameworks with the aim of ascertaining the most efficacious model that can bolster the transition of ports toward greener and more sustainable operations in GHG reduction. Through an appraisal of the merits and demerits of distinct governance structures, this research endeavours to provide insights that can guide policymakers and port authorities in making the right choices concerning the revolution of environmentally conscientious and sustainable port development.