Finite element analysis of the effects of different archwire forms and power arm positions on maxillary incisors in en masse retraction using fixed lingual orthodontic appliances

Objective: retraction supported by miniscrew implants, using the finite element analysis method. Methods: retraction were simulated using the finite element method. Power arms were placed mesial and distal to the maxillary canine with straight and mushroom-shaped archwires. Miniscrews provided absolute anchorage for retraction force. Results: When power arms were positioned mesial to the canine teeth, an increase in the intercanine distance was observed, while a decrease was noted when the power arms were distal to the canine tooth. Lateral incisors exhibited a greater torque loss, particularly when the power arm was mesial to the canine tooth. In the central incisors, the mushroom archwire resulted in intrusion, while the straight archwire showed an extrusion tendency. Movements in groups using the straight archwire were less controlled compared to those in groups using the mushroom archwire. Conclusions: retraction supported by miniscrew implants. The most controlled movement was achieved with the combination of a power arm positioned distal to the canine tooth and a mushroom archform.