Differences in Resting-State Functional Connectivity of Temperament-Based Profiles Among Youths With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study

Diagnostic criteria from the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders does not fully address behavioral and clinical heterogeneity inherent to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, temperament-based profiles may help explain biological heterogeneity within the disorder. Temperament profiles have been defined and replicated among youths with ADHD and have demonstrated unique patterns of resting-state functional connectivity within a small sample. Two temperament profiles were identified by Kozlowski et al. in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, and in the present study, we sought to replicate and validate documented resting-state patterns. Functional connectivity between bilateral amygdalae and 12 Gordon networks was compared between profiles and typically developing (TD) youths. Surgent youths demonstrated stronger right amygdala-dorsal attention network connectivity (β = 0.0434) and right amygdala-retrosplenial temporal network connectivity (β = 0.0442) compared with TD youths. Irritable youths demonstrated unique connectivity patterns compared with TD and surgent youths; however, effects did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Findings provide support for future research examining temperament profiles among ADHD youths.