Oral targeting tilianin nanoplatform mitigates atherosclerosis through promoting macrophage phagocytosis and anti-inflammation

) mice with atherosclerosis, significant therapeutic effects were observed. The treatment effectively stabilized atherosclerotic plaques. Additionally, FA-Lipo@Til NCs effectively inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in macrophages, thereby reducing oxidative stress. The treatment also promoted macrophage polarization towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, enhancing their ability to clear apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) and resolving local inflammation. Notably, throughout the treatment period, significant alterations in blood lipid levels were observed. In summary, FA-Lipo@Til NCs offer a targeted and effective approach to regulate macrophage polarization while also hindering the advancement of atherosclerosis. Besides, our study proposes a promising therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis by leveraging an innovative oral targeted delivery system for BCS IV drugs.