Abstract New development in the studies of nanocomposites based on polymer matrixes and layered double hydroxides (LDHs) in recent years are reviewed combining our relative research work, among which the synthesis techniques, the physicochemical characterizations, and the improved material properties are especially discussed. The possible application of polymer/LDH nanocomposites is also proposed. * Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50373039) and China NKBRSF Project (grant No. 2001 CB409600)