Chronic Endometritis: Three-dimensional Ultrasound and Hysteroscopy Correlation

Chronic endometritis (CE) is a sustained inflammation of the endometrial lining characterized by the presence of an excessive number of neutrophils and plasma cells in the endometrial stroma [1–3]. It is often asymptomatic or coexisting with mild unspecific symptoms including pelvic pain, abnormal uterine bleeding, vaginal discharge, or pain during intercourse [2]. It is recognized that CE is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes including recurrent pregnancy loss and failure of implantation [3].