Synthesis and Formation of an Ems Correlated Contaminant in Biotechnologically Manufactured L-Tryptophan

Contaminants in biotechnologically manufactured L-Tryptophan (Trp) are suspected to be responsible for the outbreak of an unknown autoimmune disease in 1989. The contaminants, found in Trp-lots of a Japanese manufacturer, are classified in EMS-correlated and non EMS-correlated substances. Up to now six EMS-correlated substances are known. One of these compounds is 2-(3'-indolylmethyl)-indole (IMT). IMT was detected as a major contaminant in two investigated EMS-associated trp-samples. In a seven step chemical synthesis IMT was obtained for use as a reference substance. A model system to investigate the formation of IMT was created using Trp and 3-indolylmethanol (IM). IMT formation was observed at acidic and alkaline pH-values and the optimal molar ratio of Trp to IM is 100:1. In addition an IMT formation was observed from indole, formaldehyde and Trp as well as from Trp and 3-indolylacetaldehyde.