In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Modified Three-Dimensional Nanoflower MoS<sub><i>x</i></sub> Form S-scheme Heterojunction for Efficient Hydrogen Production

Abstract: Morphology regulation and the improvement of carrier separation efficiency are important strategies for the preparation of photocatalysts with excellent performance. MoSx with a threedimensional (3D) nanoflower morphology formed by nanosheet stacking was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method, and MoSx/In2O3 with good hydrogen evolution activity was obtained by coupling with In2O3. The preparation of the three-dimensional nanoflower morphology combined with the construction of an Sscheme heterojunction improves the electron accumulation at the active site for hydrogen evolution reaction. The UV diffuse reflection test showed that the issue of poor light absorption of In2O3 was improved. The rapid separation and transfer of electrons were effectively confirmed by characterization methods such as fluorescence spectroscopy and electrochemical tests. The most intuitively manifestation of the performance improvement of the composite material is that the optimal hydrogen evolution rate reached 6704.2 μmol·g?1·h?1, which is 1.8 times that of pure MoSx. Therefore, in this study, a new idea for the development of molybdenum-based sulfides for photocatalytic hydrogen production is provided.