Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Data from a Real-World Study in Spain

This study aimed to describe utilization patterns, persistence, resource utilization and costs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus initiating treatment with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in routine clinical practice in Spain. This retrospective study of medical records in the Big-Pac database identified adults starting treatment with once-weekly (QW) dulaglutide, exenatide-QW or once-daily liraglutide between 1 November 2015 and 30 June 2017. Patients were followed for up to 18 months from treatment initiation. Data on clinical characteristics of patients, treatment patterns, average daily dose and costs were obtained for the three cohorts. Persistence over the 18-month period was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier curves. All analyses were descriptive. A total of 1402 patients were included in this study (dulaglutide [n = 492], exenatide-QW [n = 438] or liraglutide [n = 472]); 52.8% were men, and the mean (SD) age was 62 (11) years, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was 8.1% (1.2) and body mass index was 35.5 (3.2) kg/m2 at treatment initiation. Persistence at 18 months was 59.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 54.8–63.4) for dulaglutide, 45.7% (95% CI 41.0–50.4) for exenatide-QW and 46.6% (95% CI 42.1–51.1) for liraglutide. The average (SD) dose was 1.2 (0.4) mg/week for dulaglutide, 1.9 (0.3) mg/week for exenatide-QW and 1.1 (0.3) mg/day for liraglutide. The average reduction in HbA1c levels at 1 year was − 0.68% for patients who initiated dulaglutide, − 0.54% for patients who initiated exenatide-QW and − 0.50% for patients who initiated liraglutide. The mean (SD) total annual health care costs were €4072 (1946) for dulaglutide, €4418 (2382) for exenatide-QW and €4382 (2389) for liraglutide. Results suggest that patients who started treatment with dulaglutide had higher persistence over 18 months, presented lower HbA1c levels at 12 months and incurred lower annual total healthcare costs than patients who initiated exenatide-QW or liraglutide. Type 2 diabetes has a major impact on patients psychologically and socially, as well as on healthcare costs. The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are drugs that help maintain blood sugar at healthy levels. They are often used as the first injectable drugs if oral treatments are no longer effective. This study aimed to analyse the use of GLP-1 RAs, and the costs involved, among patients with type 2 diabetes who started treatment with once-weekly dulaglutide, once-weekly exenatide or liraglutide in routine clinical practice in Spain. An electronic database of medical records was used to obtain data from 1402 patients who started treatment with these drugs and were followed for a 1.5-year period. Results of this study suggest that patients who were prescribed dulaglutide stayed on their treatment longer and could reduce their blood sugar levels more efficiently, and at a lower cost, than those who received once-weekly exenatide or liraglutide. These findings could be helpful to physicians prescribing these drugs when considering how to improve the management of type 2 diabetes.