The new application of geometallurgy in deportment of gold and critical metals studies

地质冶金学（Geometallurgy）是一门交叉学科，将矿体的地质学、地球化学和矿物学特征与冶金性能联系起来，目标是描述和了解矿体的冶金性质的多样性，并建立三维地质冶金学模型，用于协助矿山开采计划和优化工艺设计流程等。金矿石依据选冶难度可以分为易选矿石和难选矿石，其中难选矿石的原因主要可以归结为金的包裹和脉石矿物影响两种因素。金的地质冶金学需要查清金的赋存状态，包括金矿物的种类与矿石难选冶的原因，从而为选矿提供指导。金的赋存形态包括显微金、亚显微金和表面金，研究金的赋存状态需要使用自动矿物分析系统等分析显微金矿物，并结合多种选矿试验来交叉验证，加上对载金矿物中亚显微金的分析，得到金的全部分布特征。不同成因类型的金矿床往往具有不同的地质冶金学特征，同时金的地质冶金学研究还可以对矿床的成因和演化过程提供依据。本文简要介绍了近年来典型的热液金矿床包括斑岩型、浅成低温热液型、铁氧化物-铜-金（IOCG）型、卡林型和矽卡岩型的地质冶金学的研究进展，以及应用于地质冶金学上的新方法如VNIR-SWIR高光谱技术、地球化学数据机器学习。关键金属具有含量低、矿物细小的研究难点，与金的地质冶金学研究具有诸多相似之处，因此本文提出将金的赋存状态研究的流程和新技术方法应用于关键金属矿床，并设计了关键金属赋存状态的研究流程和规范化表达，进一步延伸了地质冶金学的内涵和外延。;As an interdisciplinary approach, geometallurgy links geological, geochemical, and mineralogical characteristics with the metallurgical performance of an orebody. The aim of a geometallurgical program is to characterize and understand the metallurgical variability of an orebody, and to build a geomet model that can be used to assist in mine planning and to predict plant performance. Gold ores could be generally classified into two major categories:free-milling and refractory, according to the difficulty of processes. The reason of refractory ores can be mainly attributed to two factors:gold locking and gangue mineral influence. The geometallurgy of gold needs to reveal the gold deportment, including types of gold minerals and the reasons for the refractory ore, so as to provide guidance for mineral processing. The form of gold includes microscopic gold, submicroscopic gold or surface gold. To study the gold deportment, it is necessary to use an automated mineral analysis system to analyze microscopic gold minerals and cross check with a variety of metallurgy experiments. Combined with analyses of sub-microscopic gold of gold-bearing minerals, all the distribution of gold can be obtained. Different genetic types of gold deposits have different geometallurgical characteristics, and the geometallurgy research of gold can in turn provides the information for the genesis and evolution of deposits. This study briefly introduces some geometallurgical studies in hydrothermal deposits including porphyry, epithermal, iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG), carlin and skarn gold deposits in recent years. Many new methods have been used in geometallurgy studies, such as VNIR-SWIR hyperspectroscopy and machine learning of geochemistry data. Critical metals are difficult to study due to the low content and fine-grained host minerals, but it has many similarities with the geometallurgy study of gold. Therefore, we proposed that the research procedure and new technical methods for the gold deportment study could be applied to the critical metal deposits. Based on this principle, in this study the standard research procedure and a normalized expression of the deportment of critical metals have been proposed, which further extends the content and application of geometallurgy.