Cell identity changes in ocular surface Epithelia

Corneal and conjunctival epithelia arise from a common ancestral ectoderm cell, then diverge into distinct lineages. The former develops into a multilayered stratified squamous epithelium, the latter into an expansive mucous membrane that stretches the eyelid margin to the cornea's outskirts. The limbus, which intersects these epithelia, is purported to harbor corneal stem cells. Intrinsic programs that prevent these neighbouring epithelia from mixing and changing identity have not been elucidated, however microenvironmental cues that emanate following tissue damage and ensuing disease, dictate cell fate choices including those that influence form and function. Plasticity of ocular surface epithelia is gauged by their ability to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition, transdifferentiation, dedifferentiation and metaplastic transformation. Elucidating the molecular mechanism by which these rare and unusual phenomena arise, and persuading cells to either revert to their original state or remain newly committed, could be exploited into game-changing therapeutics for patients with corneal blindness and other diseases.