Silk Nonwoven Fabric‐Based Dressing with Antibacterial and ROS‐Scavenging Properties for Modulating Wound Microenvironment and Promoting Diabetic Wound Healing

Abstract The microenvironment of diabetic wounds is exceptionally complex, characterized notably by persistent bacterial infections and the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Traditional treatment methods often fall short of achieving ideal results. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop and implement more advanced and efficient treatment strategies to effectively address the complexity and recalcitrance of diabetic wounds. This study pioneers a novel approach by fabricating a silk fibroin‐based nonwoven dressing (SF‐Ag‐HCA) under neutral conditions, integrating silver ions with dihydrocaffeic acid‐modified silk fibroin. Uniquely, this dressing achieves dual functionality: exceptional antibacterial efficacy against common pathogens ( E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa ) and robust ROS‐scavenging capabilities, effectively mitigating oxidative stress and promoting immune homeostasis. The SF‐Ag‐HCA dressing not only surpasses conventional materials in regulating the wound microenvironment but also accelerates re‐epithelialization and collagen deposition. Animal studies further validate its superior performance in healing diabetic and infected wounds compared to commercial alternatives. This innovative dressing represents a significant advancement in wound care, offering an integrated, cost‐effective solution tailored for complex chronic wound management.