Impacts of Partial Substitution of Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Manure on the Kinetic and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Soil β–Glucosidase

To study the characteristics of the β–glucosidase enzymatic reaction in wheat field soil under the condition of reducing the application of chemical fertilizer, five fertilization treatments were established, including no fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer (F), organic fertilizer (OF), 25% organic fertilizer plus 75% chemical fertilizer (25% OF), and 50% organic fertilizer plus 50% chemical fertilizer (50% OF). The activity of β–glucosidase and its kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics were analyzed by using microplate p–nitrophenol colorimetry. The results showed that the Vmax values of soil β–glucosidase in the organic substitution of chemical fertilizer treatment were higher than those in the chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer treatments, and the Km values were lower than those in the chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer treatments at the different growth stages. The Vmax value in the 25% OF treatment was the highest at the jointing stage and that of the OF treatment was the highest at the booting stage; the Km value in the 50% OF treatment was the lowest at the different growth stages. Compared with the chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer treatments, the application of organic fertilizer effectively reduced thermodynamic parameters such as Ea, Q10, ∆H, ∆G, and ∆S at the jointing and booting stages of wheat. The thermodynamic parameters in the 25% OF treatment were the lowest at the jointing stage and those in the OF treatment were the lowest at the booting stage. A reasonable amount of organic fertilizer is more beneficial to enzymatic reactions and improves the soil quality and the ability to supply nutrients to wheat cultivation.