A review of battery energy storage systems and advanced battery management system for different applications: Challenges and recommendations

Energy storage systems are designed to capture and store energy for later utilization efficiently. The growing energy crisis has increased the emphasis on energy storage research in various sectors. The performance and efficiency of Electric vehicles (EVs) have made them popular in recent decades. The EVs are the most promising answers to global environmental issues and CO2 emissions. Battery management systems (BMS) are crucial to the functioning of EVs. An efficient BMS is crucial for enhancing battery performance, encompassing control of charging and discharging, meticulous monitoring, heat regulation, battery safety, and protection, as well as precise estimation of the State of charge (SoC). The current understanding of EV technology, its advancements, limitations, and effects on achieving BMS (Sustainable Development Goals) SDGs remains unexplored, despite the existence of several studies on the topic. This article reviews various aspects of battery storage technologies, materials, properties, and performance. This review highlights the significance of battery management systems (BMSs) in EVs and renewable energy storage systems, with detailed insights into voltage and current monitoring, charge-discharge estimation, protection and cell balancing, thermal regulation, and battery data handling. The study extensively investigates traditional and sophisticated SoC estimation methods, highlighting their pros and cons. The review underscores the critical role of advanced BMSs for successful EV adoption and addresses the challenges that must be overcome. This comprehensive resource offers valuable insights for engineers, researchers, and EV manufacturers, presenting detailed analyses, applications, challenges, and recommendations relevant to the field.