Non-Invasive Deep-Brain Stimulations by Spatio-Temporal Fourier Synthesis

A new type of non-invasive deep-brain stimulation is conceived and demonstrated by computer simulations. The process is based on spatio-temporal Fourier synthesis using multiple electrode pairs with sinusoidal current drive to limit skin sensations and concentrate the stimulus power to a small spatial volume and into large rare spikes in the time domain, while the signal power at the skin is steady and small. Exotic time signals are also shown, such as the cases of high-frequency prime harmonics, quasi-random and chirping stimulations. The first one is able to generate sharp spikes with low frequency while its carriers are high-frequency harmonics that easily conduct via the skin and brain tissue. Open questions are, among others, the best shapes and timing of spikes. The answers require experimental tests and explorations in animal models and human subjects.