Shape stabilized phase change materials based on different support structures for thermal energy storage applications–A review

Thermal energy storage systems play a crucial role in energy conservation and balancing energy demand/supply. Recent thermal storage techniques and novel strategies have expanded their usage in various applications. However, leakage during phase change and poor thermal conductivity limits using phase change materials (PCM) as a potential thermal storage medium. Shape-stabilized phase change materials (SSPCM) can effectively enhance heat transfer and prevent leakage. Besides, it provides flexible structures, good mechanical strength, and stability. Furthermore, loading a maximum quantity of PCM in the support structure enables improved efficiency of SSPCMs and enhances heat transportation. In this review work, SSPCMs and different types of support structures used to prepare SSPCM are discussed and presented with their advantages and disadvantages. It is also aimed to provide comprehensive information on microencapsulation techniques, metallic, carbon-based, and polymeric support employed in SSPCM preparation. This review also sheds some light on the applications of SSPCM, more specifically, thermal management and storage. Finally, the future scope of research on SSPCM is briefly discussed. It is believed that the information presented in this review will help the readers to understand SSPCM and different support structures for SSPCM preparation, along with various application techniques.