A Survey of GNSS Spoofing and Anti-Spoofing Technology

With the development of satellite navigation technology, the research focus of GNSS has shifted from improving positioning accuracy to expanding system application and improving system performance. At the same time, improving the survivability of satellite navigation systems has become a research hotspot in the field of navigation, especially with regard to anti-spoofing. This paper first briefly analyzes the common interference types of satellite navigation and then focuses on spoofing. We analyze the characteristics and technical mechanism of satellite navigation and the positioning signal. Spoofing modes are classified and introduced separately according to signal generation, implementation stage and deployment strategy. After an introduction of GNSS spoofing technology, we summarize the research progress of GNSS anti-spoofing technology over the last decade. For anti-spoofing technology, we propose a new classification standard and analyze and compare the implementation difficulty, effect and adaptability of the current main spoofing detection technologies. Finally, we summarize with considerations, prospective challenges and development trends of GNSS spoofing and anti-spoofing technology in order to provide a reference for future research.