Biodegradable film mulching alters soil C, N, P and S cycling via mediating microbial communities in dryland

Different film mulching alters soil nutrient cycling via mediating microbial communities. BM mitigates excessive nutrient consumption through functional gene regulation at the same time as maintaining agricultural productivity comparable to M. Our findings provide a microbial perspective on the dual role of BMs in accumulation of MPs and nutrient conservation, highlighting its potential as an environmentally balanced agricultural practice. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.