缺水
稀缺
自然资源经济学
人口
水资源管理
水资源
环境科学
地理
业务
生态学
经济
环境卫生
生物
医学
微观经济学
作者
Mesfin Mekonnen,Arjen Ysbert Hoekstra
出处
期刊:Science Advances
[American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)]
日期:2016-02-05
卷期号:2 (2)
被引量:3176
标识
DOI:10.1126/sciadv.1500323
摘要
Freshwater scarcity is increasingly perceived as a global systemic risk. Previous global water scarcity assessments, measuring water scarcity annually, have underestimated experienced water scarcity by failing to capture the seasonal fluctuations in water consumption and availability. We assess blue water scarcity globally at a high spatial resolution on a monthly basis. We find that two-thirds of the global population (4.0 billion people) live under conditions of severe water scarcity at least 1 month of the year. Nearly half of those people live in India and China. Half a billion people in the world face severe water scarcity all year round. Putting caps to water consumption by river basin, increasing water-use efficiencies, and better sharing of the limited freshwater resources will be key in reducing the threat posed by water scarcity on biodiversity and human welfare.
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