Ultrasonographic Assessment of Geniohyoid Muscle Morphometry and Elasticity in Older Adults: Associations With Sarcopenia Risk and Swallowing Dysfunction

CSA and the perimeter of the geniohyoid muscle were significantly associated with sarcopenia risk, dysphagia risk, and physical performance scores. Although not statistically associated with clinical screening indicators, geniohyoid muscle elasticity was successfully measured using strain elastography, demonstrating good intraobserver reliability. Ultrasonography appears to be a practical and reproducible tool for evaluating geniohyoid muscle structure in older adults, although further validation is needed.