Optimizing the performance of piezoelectric drivers that use stepped horns

An analysis is presented for the design of piezoelectric transducers in a sandwich configuration using a stepped horn as a particle velocity amplifier. The condition for maximum power delivery to the load impedance is established in terms of the parameters of the horn and the piezoelectric material. As an example, the method of false position is used to find solutions numerically for the dimensions of a horn suitable for radiating into steam.