材料科学
电解质
纳米技术
离子键合
化学物理
自愈水凝胶
电压
电极
导电体
机械能
软物质
工作(物理)
联轴节(管道)
实现(概率)
离子液体
软质材料
离子
离子电导率
动能
离解(化学)
材料设计
分子动力学
消散
功率密度
电势能
能量收集
纳米
电荷密度
领域(数学)
生物系统
堆栈(抽象数据类型)
聚合物
电场
电荷(物理)
光电子学
纳米-
灵敏度(控制系统)
智能材料
压力(语言学)
超级电容器
作者
Heng Zhan,Zhouyue Lei,Peiyi Wu
摘要
ABSTRACT Soft energy harvesters capable of matching the intrinsic compliance of biological tissues are essential for the realization of imperceptible electronics. While piezoionic transduction in soft electrolyte networks offers ideal bio‐integration, it produces voltage outputs that are much lower than those of rigid piezoelectrics due to thermodynamic constraints that limit charge separation and transport. Here, we address these challenges through a multiscale synergistic strategy that co‐optimizes macroscopic, microstructural, and molecular asymmetries. Specifically, asymmetric electrodes with dissimilar work functions establish a built‐in field that actively biases interfacial ionic charge separation. Acting in concert, a microcone array of soft ionic conductors concentrates mechanical stress to drive stress‐induced ion dissociation and directional migration, while cation–π interactions within the polymer network function as a molecular kinetic trap to favor anion‐dominated transport. This hierarchical coupling in soft ionotronic materials unlocks a colossal four‐order‐of‐magnitude enhancement in voltage sensitivity (>10 4 mV kPa −1 , 0.03–0.07 kPa) and delivers a peak power density of 135.1 µW cm −2 . The strategy proves universal as it operates in both ionogels and hydrogels to offer complementary advantages in stability and ionic conductivity. Demonstrations including breathing‐driven LED illumination, confirm the scalability. These results establish a generalizable materials framework for high‐performance piezoionic energy harvesting and autonomous bio‐interfaces.
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