Applications of metal organic framework adsorbents for pipette-tip micro solid-phase extraction

Pipette-tip micro solid-phase extraction (PT-μSPE) has emerged as a powerful technique for miniaturized sample preparation, not only due to its simplicity, low solvent consumption, and high efficiency, but also because it requires just a few mg of adsorbent for performing extraction. Recently, there has been growing interest in enhancing the extraction performance of PT-μSPE by incorporating metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as sorbents due to their advantageous properties, including high surface area, tunable pore structure, and diverse functionalities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of advances in MOF-based adsorbents for PT-μSPE, focusing on their synthesis, characterization, and applications in sustainable microextraction methodologies. The key strategies for enhancing the extraction performance of MOFs, including surface modification and integration with other functional materials, are discussed. Finally, the review discusses future trends and opportunities for enhancing the performance of MOF-based PT-μSPE, such as improving selectivity, developing reusable adsorbents, and exploring new applications.